Finance topics

Five former U.S. Treasury secretaries who have served both Republican and Democrat presidents have jointly called on Congress to implement the so- called Volcker Rule to limit the size and trading of banks.

Banks that benefit from public support via access to the Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. shouldn’t “engage in essentially speculative activity unrelated to essential bank services,” John Snow, Paul O’Neill, Nicholas Brady, George Shultz and W. Michael Blumenthal wrote in a letter published by the Wall Street Journal.

Restricting proprietary trading by banks is a “key element in protecting our financial system and will assure that banks will give priority to their essential lending and depository responsibilities,” the former secretaries wrote.

The group also urged the U.S. government to take the lead at international meetings to win “broad agreement on this principle among the leading financial centers.”

U.S. President Barack Obama on Jan. 21 introduced a proposal he called the Volcker Rule to limit the size and trading activities of financial institutions and reduce risk- taking. The rule is named after former Fed Chairman Paul Volcker.

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A online cash advance is a service provided by most credit card and charge card issuers.

New Zealand’s budget cash deficit was wider than the government forecast after departments made payments for services earlier than they expected.

The cash deficit was NZ$8.85 billion ($6.2 billion) in the six months ended Dec. 31, or NZ$934 million wider than forecast in December’s fiscal update, the Treasury Department said in a statement released in Wellington today.

New Zealand’s budget showed a cash deficit for the first time in nine years in the 12 months ended June 30, and Finance Minister Bill English has projected six years of deficits as debt increases. Tax receipts fell and government welfare spending increased last year as New Zealand faced its worst recession in three decades.

Payments of NZ$1.3 billion occurred in late December which had been forecast in January, the Treasury said. The variance from forecast is expected to reverse in January, it said.

Tax receipts broadly matched forecast in the six months to December, the Treasury said. Company tax exceeded estimates after inclusion of the government’s settlement with banks over tax on structured finance transactions.

Excluding these transactions, company tax receipts were lower than forecast as firms lowered their tax assessments, suggesting “current-year profitability was weaker than expected in the December forecast and it is possible this will persist until the end of the year,” the department said.

The government’s budget operating deficit was NZ$1.04 billion, which was NZ$1.45 billion narrower than forecast.

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Apply for a payday loans today and as a first time customer, you can get up to $1000 directly to your account overnight.

Austin Water will begin this week a $31.8 million stimulus-funded treatment plant project that will create 150 jobs, increase energy efficiency and reduce operational costs.

On Wednesday, the group will break ground on upgrades to the Hornsby Bend Biosolids Management Plant, which processes biosolids from treated wastewater. The zero interest, 30-year loan came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act's Clean Water State Revolving Fund distributed through the Environmental Protection Agency and the Texas Water Development Board.

About $7 million will be used to construct a 15-acre composting pad for "Dillo Dirt," a popular soil conditioner produced from city yard waste and treated biosolids Business Card Holders. Chasco Constructors was awarded the contract for that project in December.

The rest of the funds will upgrade biosolid treatment infrastructure and improve energy efficiency. The changes will enhance odor control, increase sludge dewatering capacity and reduce operational costs.

Once completed, the plant will use less petroleum-based polymers and increase production and capture of digester gases, which can be used to generate electricity.

Matous Constructors was chosen to complete that project.

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The parent company of Hawaiian Electric Co. and American Savings Bank posted lower earnings for fiscal 2009 compared to 2008.

Hawaiian Electric Industries (NYSE: HEI) reported a profit of $102.3 million for fiscal 2009, an 18.7 percent decrease from the $125.9 million it earned in fiscal 2008.

That figure, however, includes $19.3 million in after-tax charges related to a previous sale of the bank’s mortgage-related securities portfolio.

Total revenue was down for the year to $2.3 billion, compared to $3.2 billion the previous year.

HEI attributed the decrease to lower kilowatt-hour sales at its electric utilities, increases in utility operations and bank credit expenses.

“It was a challenging year and we made difficult decisions to curb spending and reduce risk, while continuing to progress forward with long-term strategic initiatives to move Hawaii toward a clean-energy future and improved performance and profitability at both our utility and bank,” said Constance Lau, HEI president and CEO, in a prepared statement payday advance.

Electric utility earnings were $79.4 million for the year, compared to $92 million the previous year. Kilowatt-hour sales were off 2.5 percent while operating expenses increased by $5.3 million.

Income from American Savings Bank was up 22 percent for the year to $21.8 million. But, the company said adjusted net income from the bank was $41.1 million and $53.4 million in 2009 and 2008, respectively, a 23 percent decrease for the year. The non-adjusted figures include the after-tax charge in 2009 and a balance sheet restructuring charge in 2008.

“Like many banks across the country, our bank was affected by the economic pressures in 2009,” Lau said. “However, as we have done throughout the economic crisis, we kept capital healthy and depositors’ money safe.”

Shares of Hawaiian Electric Industries stock were up 1.4 percent to $42.78 on Thursday.

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Shopping Web site Groupon, which offers a daily deal on the local goods, services and cultural events, launched in Memphis today.

Using the principles of collective buying, Groupon negotiates deals with local businesses and sends free daily e-mails to subscribers notifying them of the deals.

“With its vibrant Mid-South culture, Memphis offers food, music and activities you won't find anywhere else,” Groupon’s founder Andrew Mason said in a statement. “We look forward to introducing local residents to the best businesses in Memphis and saving them money on their favorite things to do.”

The deals are only activated if a minimum number of people agree to buy, encouraging subscribers to share the promotion with family and friends via social media tools such as Facebook and Twitter. Guaranteeing a large number of customers provides an incentive for companies to offer good deals, the company says, and has helped more than 2 million subscribers save nearly $80 million.

Memphis is the 35th city entered by Groupon, which was launched in November 2008 in Chicago. The company plans to be in 80 cities by the end of 2010.

“Groupon brings buyers and sellers together in a fun and collaborative way,” Mason said. “We offer the consumer a great deal they can’t get anywhere else and deliver the sales directly to the merchant.”

Groupon is a project of The Point, an online community launched in 2007 for organizing group action.

Consumers interested in its service can visit www.groupon.com. Businesses wanting their goods or services featured can visit www.grouponworks.com.

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New Zealand interest rates needn’t rise as much if the government cuts spending and reforms the tax system to curb property investment, Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard said.

“Achieving both low inflation and balanced growth is considerably easier in an environment of fiscal discipline and where the tax system is neutral with respect to investment decisions,” Bollard said in a speech in Christchurch today. Notes of a background paper on which his speech was based were e-mailed to Bloomberg News.

Bollard, who has kept the official cash rate unchanged at a record-low 2.5 percent since April, said yesterday he didn’t expect to start raising borrowing costs until mid-2010 as the economy emerges from a recession. Government spending programs put in place last year to buoy confidence and create jobs will help the economy expand 3.1 percent this year after shrinking 1.4 percent in 2009, he forecast last month.

“A failure to gradually remove the recent fiscal stimulus would put added pressure on monetary policy over the coming period,” Bollard said today. He made no other comment on the outlook for interest rates.

Prime Minister John Key’s government last year brought forward spending on roads and schools to generate jobs, and provided companies with funds so they could keep factories open on reduced hours rather than fire workers.

The government is also considering recommendations from a review of the taxation policy that includes introducing a levy on rental properties.

“We are hopeful that the report of the Tax Working Group will lead to a more efficient and even-handed tax system,” said Bollard. “Our concerns are to minimize tax-fueled property investment and consumption that might detract from more balanced savings and growth.”

Bollard has previously called for taxes to curb property investment, which he says can create a housing bubble.

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RALEIGH, N.C. — U.S. consumers and businesses are filing for bankruptcy at a pace that made 2009 the seventh-worst year on record, with more than 1.4 million petitions submitted, an Associated Press tally showed Monday.
 
The AP gathered data from the nation’s 90 bankruptcy districts and found 1.43 million filings, an increase of 32 percent from 2008. There were 116,000 recorded bankruptcies in December, up 22 percent from the same month a year before.
 
While experts believe some of the increase is due to a natural recovery as consumers and attorneys become accustomed to a recent overhaul of bankruptcy laws, the numbers indicate clear correlations to recession-weary regions. Arizona saw the fastest increase, a jump of 77 percent from the year before, followed by Wyoming (60 percent), Nevada (59 percent) and California (58 percent).
 
Emile Harmon, who owns a law firm in Tempe, Ariz., said the firm has doubled its staff to handle the surge in bankruptcy filings. The lawyers have been steadily shifting away from their other areas of business, civil lawsuits and divorce cases.
 
"Bankruptcy is kind of swallowing the whole practice." Harmon said. "There’s little time to do other stuff."
 
There’s also no sign that things are slowing down. Harmon said bankruptcies have been coming in waves, first with those 18 months ago who had adjustable-rate mortages, then with those who lost their jobs due to the housing downturn. Now he’s finding wealthy individuals and business owners who have finally succumbed to lower incomes and shrinking home values.
 
"A lot of the people we see were in a really good financial position two years ago," Harmon said. "People really look at you and say, ‘I can’t believe I’m here business cards."’
 
For three years, filings have been steadily rising back toward levels reached early in the decade before Congress overhauled the nation’s bankruptcy laws. The 2005 alterations made bankruptcy filings more cumbersome, a move that followed fears from lenders that some consumers were abusing the system to wipe away debts.
 
Bankruptcies surged to slightly more than 2 million in 2005 as consumers rushed to file before the new law took effect but then plummeted to 600,000 in 2006. They’ve been climbing ever since and in 2009 became the seventh-highest year on record, behind only the years 1998 and 2001-2005.
 
The 2005 spike had been preceded by a steady climb from 1.5 million in 2001 to 1.6 million in 2005.
 
John Pottow, a bankruptcy professor at the University of Michigan, said the return to the highs of earlier this decade illustrates the failures of the 2005 overhaul bill. He said the measure largely made filings more costly and time-consuming by forcing consumers to undergo a paperwork-heavy test to determine eligibility for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and adding liability for attorneys who provide help.
 
"It never made sense in the first place that you could change the laws and make all these bankruptcies go away," said Pottow, who would like to see the 2005 law changes repealed. "If people are encountering financial distress, you can only scare them away for so long before they come back again."
 
While every state saw a rise in bankruptcies, Alaska (up 12 percent), Nebraska (12 percent) and North Dakota (14 percent) performed best.

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If you want to buy a house, the state of Missouri wants to give you $1,250.

And if you make the place more energy-efficient, it will give you $500 more.

State officials are poised to pass a measure next week that would give a sizable break on property taxes to most people who buy a house in 2010. It is Jefferson City’s latest bid to boost the state’s weak housing market, and the newest item on a growing menu of sweeteners to make buying a house more appealing, sweeteners that some warn could eventually cause a hangover.

The measure was pitched last month by Gov. Jay Nixon and state Treasurer Clint Zweifel as a way to spur housing sales and spur the state’s economy.

"This is so vital to our state’s economic growth," Nixon said. "We want to do everything feasible to encourage people to buy homes."

So next Friday, they will ask the Missouri Housing Development Commission — which Zweifel chairs and to which Nixon appoints most of the members — to set aside $15 million of its reserve funds for one-time property tax reimbursements for Missourians who buy a home in 2010. To qualify, St. Louis-area households must earn $95,060 or less; if they do, they can get up to $1,250 in property taxes reimbursed by the state.

Home buyers who add energy-saving appliances, new windows or other "green" improvements, can qualify for another $500. With a $15 million cap for the program, the state expects to write between 9,000 and 11,000 such checks — roughly one for every 10 homes sold in Missouri this year.

It comes on top of the $8,000 federal tax credit for first-time home buyers, which many economists say has helped prop up home sales this year. Last month, Congress voted to extend that program through April and expand it to include $6,500 for some repeat buyers. States from California to Delaware have thrown in their own incentives, too, and in January the Missouri housing commission launched a program to give an advance on the $8,000 credit, a program more than 1,200 people have used so far. Illinois launched something similar in July.

Now, Missouri plans to up the ante. If the housing commission approves, the agency will put much of its reserve funds — separate from the state’s cash-strapped general budget — toward the waivers.

"This hopefully is another tool in the toolbox," Zweifel said. "It’s important to put our dollars to work."

Still, given Missouri’s record-high foreclosure rates and a job market that is giving pause to many would-be buyers, some housing advocates wonder if the $15 million might be better spent in other ways no faxing payday loan.

"In terms of the level of need, it strikes me as a little strange," said Chris Krehmeyer, president of Beyond Housing, a St. Louis-based group that provides mortgage counseling and builds affordable housing. "We’re not seeing folks who are buying homes saying ‘I wish someone would pay my taxes next year.’ People are saying, ‘I need help to stay in the home I own.’"

Typically, the state’s housing commission finances affordable housing projects and will issue nearly $100 million in tax credits for those projects in early 2010. But, Zweifel said, the broader housing industry is a big pillar of Missouri’s economy, and supporting it, too, means creating jobs. This provides a fast way to do it.

"The goal was partially to spur home purchases, but also to find a way to quickly put $15 million to work for Missourians," he said. "We wanted to create a program that helps spur economic development and job creation, not something that’s permanent in nature."

The temporary nature of this and the $8,000 federal tax credit has some housing economists warning of trouble when the programs end. Such props must be taken down eventually, and critics point to a plunge in auto sales after the end of the government’s "Cash for Clunkers" program as a warning for what might happen to the housing market.

Then there’s the question of just how much impact it will have. Most people aren’t going to make a decision on whether to move based on $1,250, said Carlos Garriga, an economist who studies housing at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

"It’s just kind of a bonus," he said. "Even at the margins, how many people will move because of this? It’s not that big."

Still, said Mark Stallmann, chief executive of the St. Charles County Association of Realtors, it’s the sort of thing that makes it easier to buy a house. And with the real estate market as weak as it is right now, every little bit — even a $1,250 check from the state — helps.

"Anything that reduces the cost of homeownership, that’s an incentive to help families get in a home, that’s a good thing."

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Chancellor of the Exchequer Alistair Darling is considering a levy on bankers’ bonuses and this week may reverse a tax cut for Britain’s richest households in efforts to win over voters before next year’s election.

Darling yesterday refused to rule out a tax on excessive bonus payments, although he pledged to hold back from measures that would harm Britain’s banks. He said that lowering the inheritance tax for the richest people is no longer a priority for the pre-budget report on Dec. 9.

“We are not going to be held to ransom by people who believe you can pay extremely large bonuses regardless of what’s going on,” Darling told BBC television yesterday. “You have to be fair. You have to be reasonable. But you have got to keep an eye on what the long-term effects are.”

Darling and Prime Minister Gordon Brown are seeking to persuade voters that David Cameron’s Conservative Party, which is sticking to a similar inheritance tax plan, is siding with the rich at a time when the country is recovering from the worst economic crisis since World War II. That strategy has helped Brown’s Labour Party erode Cameron’s lead in opinion polls.

Bank shares fell in London trading today. Royal Bank of Scotland Group Plc slid 2 percent to 33.95 pence and Lloyds Banking Group Plc lost 2.3 percent to 54.73 pence. The FTSE 350 Banks Index declined 1.4 percent, the biggest drop in more than a week.

Pound Weakens

The pound weakened against the dollar and the euro. The British currency dropped to $1.6386 as of 10:33 a.m. in London, from $1.6474 at the end of last week. It weakened to 90.47 pence per euro, from 90.18 pence.

Darling said he has not yet seen bonus plans from government-controlled Royal Bank of Scotland and that he has the power to veto any proposals he considers excessive. Darling has also said that he is opposed to punitive measures that would damage a bank’s capital position, making it less likely that he will introduce an industry-wide windfall tax.

“It’s not a black and white world,” Darling said.

The government may impose a one-year windfall tax on British banks that would raise several hundred million pounds, the BBC reported, without attribution. Options may include a “super-tax” on big bonus earners, a larger employers’ national insurance charge or a direct tax on investment banks, the BBC said.

Conservative Plans

George Osborne, the Conservative lawmaker who shadows Darling in Parliament, told the same program that he “wouldn’t rule out” a charge on excessive individual bonuses if his party defeats Labour in the election, which has to take place before June.

An ICM Research poll for the Sunday Telegraph showed that the Conservatives are on course to obtain a majority of between 20 and 25 seats in the 646-seat House of Commons. A ComRes Ltd. survey Dec. 1 showed that the U.K. may be heading for a hung Parliament where no party has an outright majority, with Cameron leading Brown by 10 percentage points, down 3 points from October.

Darling stepped up the attack yesterday, saying Osborne’s plea to voters to endure tougher times isn’t consistent with tax cuts for the rich.

A YouGov Plc poll in yesterday’s Sunday Times showed that more than half of the 2,000 people interviewed viewed the Conservatives as the party of the rich. Cameron said Brown had been “spiteful’ in his efforts to tell voters of his privileged upbringing and elite schooling.

Not ‘First Priority’

“I really can’t believe it would be the first priority of any government, at this time, to give a tax cut to the top 2 percent of estates in this country,” Darling said yesterday.

Darling said in 2007 that he would raise the inheritance tax threshold to 350,000 pounds ($578,000) from 325,000 pounds for single people and to 700,000 pounds from 650,000 pounds for couples, starting April 2010. Cameron’s Conservatives want to abolish the tax for single people with estates below 1 million pounds and for couples with estates below 2 million pounds.

“If the Labour Party wants to say don’t aspire to get on in life, then so be it,” Osborne said. “It’s part of their lurch to the left.”

Darling said this week’s pre-budget statement will spell out some detail on how he plans to implement his pledge to reduce the deficit by as much as half over four years. In the April budget, the Treasury forecast a shortfall of 175 billion pounds in the year through March 2010, or 12.4 percent of gross domestic product — the largest in British postwar history.

Cost Cutting

Darling told the BBC yesterday that he will scrap a 12.4 billion-pound computer program for the National Health Service that is being developed mainly by iSoft Plc. Similar reductions, rather than staff cuts in schools and hospitals, would indicate “the direction of travel” in this week’s report, he said.

“The NHS had quite an expensive IT system and I don’t think we need to go ahead with it now,” he said.

Brown said today the government will reduce spending by more than 12 billion pounds over the next four years through efficiency gains. Ministers had found 3 billion pounds of new savings since April, including 1.3 billion pounds by “streamlining” central government, he said in a speech in London.

Brown said on Dec. 4 in his weekly podcast that a plan to move more government services online would save about 400 million pounds a year.

Today, he promised to reduce the pay bill for senior civil servants by 20 percent over the next three years, and said that more civil service jobs will be moved from London and the southeast of England to parts of the country where living costs are lower. The government will halve spending on consultants and cut its marketing budget by a quarter, Brown said.

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The Bundesbank raised its growth forecasts for Germany, Europe’s largest economy, saying the outlook for the next two years has “brightened perceptibly.”

Gross domestic product will rise 1.6 percent next year and 1.2 percent in 2011 after dropping 4.9 percent this year, the Frankfurt-based Bundesbank said in its bi-annual economic outlook today. In June, it predicted the economy would stagnate in 2010 after contracting 6.2 percent in 2009.

“The outlook for the German economy has brightened perceptibly in recent months,” the Bundesbank said. The recovery is being driven by “extensive” monetary and fiscal stimulus,” it said, adding that exports, business investment and private consumption will gain in importance as those measures wane.

The economic revival in Germany is helping the 16-nation euro region shake off its worst recession since World War II, giving the European Central Bank room to scale back its emergency stimulus measures. The ECB yesterday said it will reduce its long-term lending to banks next year in an exit strategy that some economists say paves the way for eventual interest-rate increases in the second half of 2010.

“Germany fell further in the recession, so it can expect a bit more of a bounce,” said Colin Ellis, an economist at Daiwa Securities SMBC Ltd. in London. “The ECB will have to be very cautious about removing stimulus too early no faxing 1 hour payday loans. Pricing pressures are likely to remain subdued.”

Benign Inflation

The Bundesbank said German inflation will remain benign, averaging 0.9 percent next year and 1 percent in 2011 after just 0.3 percent this year. It predicted unemployment will rise to 10.1 percent in 2011 from 8.1 percent today.

It’s a “balancing act” for central banks to withdraw stimulus measures without threatening the economy, Bundesbank President Axel Weber, who also is a member of the ECB’s Governing Council, said yesterday in an interview with ARD television. “There’s no need to send a signal on interest rates at the moment” as inflation is contained, he said.

Germany’s economy emerged from recession in the second quarter and growth accelerated to 0.7 percent in the third. Chancellor Angela Merkel’s government is spending 85 billion euros ($128 billion) to stimulate activity, while demand for the country’s goods is growing as the global recovery gathers pace.

Exports will gain 4.5 percent next year and 4.3 percent in 2011, according to the Bundesbank. It predicts consumer spending will increase 0.2 percent in 2010 and 1 percent the following year.

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